|
The See of Sardis or Sardes ((ギリシア語:Σάρδεις), ''Sardeis'') was an episcopal see in the city of that name. It was one of the Seven Churches of the Apocalypse, held by metropolitan bishops since the middle to late 1st century,〔Otto F. A. Meinardus. 1974. "The Christian Remains of the Seven Churches of the Apocalypse." ''The Biblical Acheaologist''. Vol. 37, No. 3. p. 78–80.〕 with jurisdiction over the province of Lydia, when this was formed in 295. After 1369 it became a titular see both for the Greek Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. ==History== After Diocletian reorganized the region in 295, Sardis became the capital of the province of Lydia, the seat of the governor and of the metropolitan archbishop.〔Christian Churches of God. "(The Pillars of Philadelphia )." No. 283.〕 There is only one known epigraphic reference to the see of Sardis, dated to the 5th or 6th century.〔W.H. Buckler and David M. Robinson (eds.). 1932. ''Sardis'', Vol. VII, Part 1, ''Greek and Latin Inscriptions''. Publications of the American Society for the Excavation of Sardis. p. 190.〕 A 1959 landslide revealed several ecclesiastical artifacts and a throne that archaeologists postulated may have been used by the bishops of Sardis.〔''The New York Times''. 1859, October 26. "Landslide yields Lydian artifacts." p. 3.〕 The first systemic investigation of the ruins of Sardis came in 1910 with an expedition from Princeton University.〔 Excavations in 1912 revealed a small "Church M", containing coins which were dated to the 5th century and an apse overhanging one of the earliest known Christian altars, near the north eastern corner of the Temple of Artemis.〔 According to the ''Menologion'', Clement, a disciple of Paul of Tarsus and one of the Seventy (Philippians 4:3), was the first bishop of Sardis.〔 Little is known about the ancient bishopric of Sardis, with the notable exception of Saint Melito, a contemporary of Marcus Aurelius from the 2nd century,〔Philip Schaff. 1890. ''(NPNF2-01. Eusebius Pamphilius: Church History, Life of Constantine, Oration in Praise of Constantine )''. New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co.〕 whom some sources refer to as the second bishop of Sardis〔Steve Smith, 2005. "( Saint Melito of Sardis: Early Church Father, Bishop, and Martyr )."〕—citing the "improbability of seventy years in the episcopate"〔Ernest Cushing Richardson et al. 1886. ''The Ante-Nicene Fathers: Translations of the Writings of the Fathers Down to A.D. 325''. C. Scribner's Sons, p. 750.〕—making him the successor to the "angel of the church of Sardis" referenced in the New Testament (Rev. 3:1-3), while other sources regard Melito himself as the "apostle" or "angel of the church of Sardis."〔Jeremy Taylor and Reginald Heber, 1828. ''The whole works of the Right Rev. Jeremy Taylor, D.D. Lord Bishop of Down, Connor, and Dromore: with A Life of the Author, and a critical examination of his writings by the Right Rev. Reginald Heber, D.D. late Lord Bishop of Calcutta''. Reginald Heber. p. 35.〕 In the Book of Revelation, Saint John writes a letter to the church of Sardis, reproaching it and its bishop.〔 The Council of Rimini deposed Bishop Hortasius of Sardis in 359 because he had been ordained without the saction of the bishops of Lydia.〔Sozomen et al., Edward Walford (trans.), 1855. ''(The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen: Comprising a History of the Church from A.D. 324 to A.D. 440 )''. Henry G. Bohn. p. 191.〕 The See had 27 suffragan bishops (including the bishop of Thyatira and Philadelphia) in the 7th century, and approximately that number until the end of the 10th century.〔 Arabs sacked Sardis in 716, but the city remained a part of a resurgent Roman (Byzantine) Empire until the aftermath of the battle of Manzikert in 1071. Euthymius, a Metropolitan Bishop of Sardis, was martyred in 824 in relation to iconoclasm.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「See of Sardis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|